Table 3 Estimation results of instrumental variables in model Eq. (1).

From: Regional carbon efficiency and corporate cash holdings: evidence from China

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Variables

Cash1

Cash2

Cash1

Cash2

Ceff

−0.0038*

−0.0221***

−0.0043**

−0.0154***

(0.0020)

(0.0062)

(0.0019)

(0.0050)

Individual

YES

YES

YES

YES

Annual

YES

YES

YES

YES

Control

YES

YES

YES

YES

Observations

26,041

26,041

22,689

22,689

R2

0.4252

0.2844

0.2528

0.1402

N

3030

3030

3020

3020

Cragg–Donald Wald F statistic

16,000

16,000

15,000

15,000

  1. Note: ***, **, and * represent significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively, and the robust standard error is in brackets.