Table 1 Themes, societal challenges (Chhillar and Aguilera, 2022) and data sharing: Merit users (‘Who’) and knowledge (‘What’).
From: General theory of data, artificial intelligence and governance
Data Sharing: Who and What | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Theme | Societal challenge | Merit User | Knowledge creation | |
Data capitalism and privacy risk | Power imbalance | Non-rival SMEs and start ups Research/academic community and universities | Innovative functionalities | • Narrower deployment gap • Redistribution of power • Innovation |
Anti-trust authorities | Market structure measures Competition laws | • Antitrust policies • Redistribution of information asymmetries • More competitive markets | ||
Privacy | Privacy-protecting courts | Transparency on data holders´ respect for privacy | • Black box transparency • Trust • Algorithmic transparency | |
Bias and opacity | Algorithmic bias | Human- AI algorithmic auditors | Technical processes | • Trust • Algorithmic transparency |
Opacity of internal processing | Human- AI algorithmic auditors | Technical processes | • Trust • Algorithmic transparency | |
Human trust | AI aversion | PDS developers Consumers’ associations | Innovative functionalities for consumers’ utility maximisation | • Trust and digital literacy • More competitive markets • Redistribution of power • Consumer surplus |
AI in the workplace | Power asymmetries and algorithmic agency | Labour inspectors | Working conditions | • Trust • Algorithmic transparency • Redistribution |
Organisational algorithmic decision making | New occupational responsibilities | Research/academic community and universities | Education programmes | • Trust and digital literacy • More competitive markets • Redistribution of power • Consumers‘ surplus • Critical thinking • New theories |
Economic value creation | Imbalanced property rights division | Central banks Research community SMEs and Start ups | Innovative functionalities | • Economic forecasting • New theories • Innovation • Redistribution of power |
