Table 5 Cognitive load and self-efficacy of the experimental group and control group.

From: A whole learning process-oriented formative assessment framework to cultivate complex skills

Items

Group

Sample

M

SD

t

p-value

IntrinSic Cognitive Load

Experimental group

16

13.25

5.07

0.849

0.402

Control group

19

12.05

3.21

ExtraNeous Cognitive Load

Experimental group

16

11.69

4.18

0.949

0.352

Control group

19

10.58

2.39

GermAne Cognitive Load

Experimental group

16

12.75

3.80

2.194

0.035**

Control group

19

10.21

3.05

Cognitive Load

Experimental group

16

37.69

9.42

1.656

0.107

Control group

19

32.84

7.90

Self-Efficacy

Experimental group

16

14.38

3.14

0.727

0.472

Control group

19

15.05

2.37

  1. **p < 0.05