Fig. 3: The LISA map designed from the Queen weight matrix.

a–d The local Moran’s index for each city in the years 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019, respectively. This figure depicts the visualization of the local indicator of spatial association (LISA).
a–d The local Moran’s index for each city in the years 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019, respectively. This figure depicts the visualization of the local indicator of spatial association (LISA).