Table 2 Variables and equations of Shanghai green transformation system.

From: Dynamic simulation research on urban green transformation under the target of carbon emission reduction: the example of Shanghai

Variables

Unit

Properties

Equations

GDP

billion

L

= INTEG(Incremental GDP,25269.8)

Forestry areas

km2

L

= INTEG(Incremental forestry areas,1033.6)

Total carbon trading quota

billion tons

R

= INTEG(The change in carbon trading quota, 1.6)

Technology investment ratio

%

A

= (((Time-2013)*0.1048 + 3.1802)*0.01)*100

Emission efficiency

%

A

= Technology Investment*0.009 + 52.1023

Excessive carbon dioxide emissions

million tons

A

= Carbon emissions - Total carbon trading quota*10000

Carbon sink

million tons

A

= Forestry areas * Forestry carbon sink coefficient/10000

Punishment price

RMB/ton

A

= Carbon trading price *3

Maximum fine

billion

A

= Total carbon trading quota * Punishment price

Industrial energy consumption

million tons of standard coal

A

= Secondary industry output value*(−0.1883) + 7346.71

Non-industrial energy consumption

million tons of standard coal

A

= Tertiary industry output value *0.133908–2.67798* Primary industry output value + 3012.24

Total energy consumption

million tons of standard coal

A

= Production energy consumption + Domestic energy consumption

Production energy consumption

million tons of standard coal

A

= Non-industrial energy consumption + Industrial energy consumption

Domestic energy consumption

million tons of standard coal

A

= Per capita domestic energy consumption * Total population*0.001

Fines

billion

A

= IFTHENELSE (Excessive carbon dioxide emissions <0, 0, IFTHENELSE (Excessive carbon dioxide emissions < (Maximum fine/Punishment price*10000), Punishment price* Excessive carbon dioxide emissions *0.0001, Maximum fine))

Birth rate

A

= WITHLOOKUP (Time, ([(2014,0) -(2025,0.01)], (2014,0.00835), (2015,0.00752), (2016,0.009), (2017,0.0081), (2018,0.0072), (2019,0.007), (2022,0.008), (2025,0.0068)))

In-migration population

million people

A

= WITHLOOKUP (Time, ([(2014,0) -(2025,15)], (2014,11.55), (2015,11.61), (2016,11.25), (2017,11.85), (2018,13.75), (2019,13.69),(2025,15)))

The proportion of secondary industry output value in GDP

A

= WITHLOOKUP (Time, ([(2014,0) -(2025,0.5)], (2014,0.330), (2015,0.317), (2016,0.304), (2017,0.292), (2018,0.280), (2019,0.276), (2020,0.270), (2021,0.266), (2022,0.262), (2023,0.258), (2025,0.252)))

The proportion of non-fossil fuel energy consumption

A

= WITHLOOKUP (Time, ([(0,0) -(3000,10)], (2014,0.11), (2015,0.12), (2016,0.13), (2017,0.14), (2018,0.15), (2019,0.16), (2025,0.18)))

Per capita domestic energy consumption

tons of standard coal/person

A

= WITHLOOKUP (Time, ([(2014,0) -(2025,600)], (2014,474.16), (2015,505.7), (2016,489.27), (2017,500.54), (2018,529.65), (2019,528.92), (2025,524.2)))

Carbon trading price

RMB/ton

exogenous

= WITHLOOKUP (Time, ([(2014,0) -(2025,60)], (2014,39.9997), (2015,20.7483), (2016,5.2343), (2017,23.2841), (2018,28.9083), (2019,41.4464), (2025,87)))