Table 4 Robustness tests.
From: Does the Belt and Road Initiative promote international innovation cooperation?
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Redefining BRI partner countries | Removing a special year (2013) | Removing a special year (2014) | Removing special countries | Eliminating interference of other policies | Placebo tests | PSM-DID | ||||||||
HOMIC | HOSIC | HOMIC | HOSIC | HOMIC | HOSIC | HOMIC | HOSIC | HOMIC | HOSIC | HOMIC | HOSIC | HOMIC | HOSIC | |
Treat × Post2 | 0.0466*** | 0.0591 | ||||||||||||
(0.0151) | (0.0744) | |||||||||||||
Treat × Post | 0.0360*** | 0.0041 | 0.0397*** | 0.0178 | 0.0406** | 0.0727 | 0.0315** | −0.0250 | −0.0636*** | −0.0043 | 0.0146* | −0.0095 | ||
(0.0129) | (0.0864) | (0.0143) | (0.0921) | (0.0160) | (0.1245) | (0.0126) | (0.0965) | (0.0191) | (0.0848) | (0.0086) | (0.0941) | |||
PGDP | 0.0139 | −0.5107 | 0.0190 | −0.5425 | 0.0216 | −0.5739 | −0.0218 | −0.6983 | 0.0093 | −0.5738 | 0.0143 | −0.4867 | −0.0155 | −0.5523 |
(0.0295) | (0.3708) | (0.0307) | (0.3911) | (0.0316) | (0.4213) | (0.0424) | (0.6082) | (0.0349) | (0.4073) | (0.0280) | (0.3779) | (0.0193) | (0.4018) | |
URBAN | 0.1926 | −0.7599 | 0.1701 | −0.6495 | 0.1673 | −0.7160 | 0.3151 | −1.1204 | 0.2286 | −0.3866 | 0.0799 | −0.7154 | 0.2271 | −1.6041 |
(0.1936) | (1.5171) | (0.1844) | (1.5421) | (0.1832) | (1.5078) | (0.2430) | (1.9581) | (0.2047) | (1.6970) | (0.1610) | (1.5150) | (0.1578) | (1.4160) | |
OPEN | −0.0002 | 0.0009* | −0.0002** | 0.0009* | −0.0003** | 0.0012** | −0.0005* | 0.0020 | −0.0003** | 0.0007* | −0.0001 | 0.0009* | −0.0002* | 0.0009 |
(0.0001) | (0.0005) | (0.0001) | (0.0005) | (0.0001) | (0.0005) | (0.0003) | (0.0014) | (0.0001) | (0.0004) | (0.0001) | (0.0005) | (0.0001) | (0.0007) | |
ADV | −0.0111 | −0.2278 | 0.0046 | −0.1752 | 0.0017 | −0.1631 | 0.0094 | −0.2571 | −0.0060 | −0.1450 | 0.0028 | −0.1949 | 0.0054 | −0.2417 |
(0.0305) | (0.2805) | (0.0271) | (0.2741) | (0.0288) | (0.2865) | (0.0446) | (0.4069) | (0.0333) | (0.3049) | (0.0267) | (0.2770) | (0.0219) | (0.3190) | |
LABOR | 0.3240 | −1.0022 | 0.3541* | −1.0677 | 0.3567* | −0.8892 | 0.3689 | 0.0207 | 0.4971** | −1.4239 | 0.2232 | −0.9893 | 0.0306 | −0.7176 |
(0.2110) | (1.5308) | (0.2080) | (1.5367) | (0.2099) | (1.6128) | (0.2760) | (2.0928) | (0.2418) | (1.5954) | (0.2049) | (1.5278) | (0.1204) | (1.7005) | |
Constant | −2.1797** | 13.1754** | −2.3016** | 13.1527* | −2.3178** | 12.9505* | −2.5699** | 12.5103 | −3.0189*** | 13.8032* | −1.3186* | 12.6156* | −0.8828 | 15.8059** |
(0.9369) | (6.4323) | (0.8862) | (6.6149) | (0.8931) | (6.5723) | (1.0930) | (8.8530) | (1.0883) | (7.2282) | (0.7468) | (6.5576) | (0.7204) | (6.7549) | |
N | 825 | 825 | 750 | 750 | 675 | 675 | 638 | 638 | 704 | 704 | 825 | 825 | 690 | 690 |
Within-R2 | 0.1775 | 0.0778 | 0.1581 | 0.0849 | 0.1642 | 0.0930 | 0.1821 | 0.0981 | 0.1737 | 0.0853 | 0.2103 | 0.0764 | 0.0794 | 0.0651 |
Country FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
