Table 3 Tests of panel regression model conditions—Earnings→indicators of R&D potential.
Dependent variables | F-test country (sig) | F-test year (sig) | Robust Hausman (sig) | Breusch-Pagan (sig) | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster 1 (independent variable: Earnings) | |||||
R_FTE_Business_enterprise | 170.91 (<0.001) | 0.62 (0.797) | 8.55 (0.003) | 0.01 (0.915) | Within |
R_FTE_Government | 116.58 (<0.001) | 0.07 (1) | 0.13 (0.723) | 18.43 (<0.001) | Random white |
R_FTE_Higher_education | 253.66 (<0.001) | 0.4 (0.946) | 5.13 (0.024) | 0.14 (0.704) | Within |
R_FTE_Private_non_profit | 86.61 (<0.001) | 0.21 (0.995) | 3.12 (0.077) | 7.71 (0.005) | Random white |
GERD_Business_enterprise | 136.75 (<0.001) | 0.18 (0.998) | 0.91 (0.34) | 1.59 (0.208) | Random |
GERD_Government | 169.79 (<0.001) | 0.12 (1) | 1.51 (0.219) | 64.82 (<0.001) | Random white |
GERD_Higher_education | 314.25 (<0.001) | 0.07 (1) | 0.14 (0.704) | 1 (0.318) | Random |
GERD_Private_non_profit | 82.65 (<0.001) | 0.1 (1) | 0.36 (0.548) | 12.76 (<0.001) | Random white |
Cluster 2 (independent variable: Earnings) | |||||
R_FTE_Business_enterprise | 118.25 (<0.001) | 0.06 (1) | 0.3 (0.586) | 16.76 (<0.001) | Random white |
R_FTE_Government | 95.81 (<0.001) | 1.56 (0.127) | 40.19 (<0.001) | 2.18 (0.14) | Within |
R_FTE_Higher_education | 107.78 (<0.001) | 0.07 (1) | 0.06 (0.801) | 6.25 (0.012) | Random |
R_FTE_Private_non_profit | 4.82 (<0.001) | 0.94 (0.507) | 1.89 (0.17) | 4.98 (0.026) | Random white |
GERD_Business_enterprise | 360.45 (<0.001) | 0.03 (1) | 0.01 (0.914) | 17.82 (<0.001) | Random white |
GERD_Government | 30.95 (<0.001) | 0.94 (0.501) | 8.7 (0.003) | 16.55 (<0.001) | Within Arellano |
GERD_Higher_education | 354.64 (<0.001) | 0.06 (1) | 0.2 (0.654) | 10.58 (0.001) | Random white |
GERD_Private_non_profit | 13.14 (<0.001) | 0.45 (0.917) | 5.34 (0.021) | 21.16 (<0.001) | Within Arellano |
