Table 5 Tests of panel regression model conditions—the indicators of the R&D potential→Human Development Index.
Independent variables | F-test country (sig) | F-test year (sig) | Robust Hausman (sig) | Breusch-Pagan (sig) | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster 1 (dependent variable: HDI) | |||||
R_FTE_Business_enterprise | 15.45 (<0.001) | 1.52 (0.137) | 0.02 (0.888) | 5.04 (0.025) | Random white |
R_FTE_Government | 25.7 (<0.001) | 2.27 (0.017) | 3.61 (0.058) | 5.12 (0.024) | Random white |
R_FTE_Higher_education | 19.87 (<0.001) | 1.68 (0.091) | 0.22 (0.639) | 4.45 (0.035) | Random white |
R_FTE_Private_non_profit | 22.93 (<0.001) | 1.69 (0.09) | 2.11 (0.146) | 1.85 (0.174) | Random |
GERD_Business_enterprise | 7.97 (<0.001) | 2.2 (0.021) | 1.73 (0.188) | 5.51 (0.019) | Random white |
GERD_Government | 22.21 (<0.001) | 2.13 (0.026) | 0.88 (0.349) | 5.22 (0.022) | Random white |
GERD_Higher_education | 19.36 (<0.001) | 1.77 (0.071) | 2.58 (0.108) | 5.02 (0.025) | Random white |
GERD_Private_non_profit | 21.78 (<0.001) | 1.6 (0.116) | 0.74 (0.391) | 1.17 (0.279) | Random |
Cluster 2 (dependent variable: HDI) | |||||
R_FTE_Business_enterprise | 39.97 (<0.001) | 0.91 (0.53) | 0 (0.988) | 0.54 (0.464) | Random |
R_FTE_Government | 47.4 (<0.001) | 2.43 (0.011) | 11.54 (<0.001) | 0.01 (0.929) | Within |
R_FTE_Higher_education | 46.96 (<0.001) | 1.32 (0.227) | 0.21 (0.644) | 2.78 (0.096) | Random |
R_FTE_Private_non_profit | 60.99 (<0.001) | 0.47 (0.9) | 0.17 (0.681) | 1.8 (0.18) | Random |
GERD_Business_enterprise | 40.09 (<0.001) | 1.41 (0.184) | 4.74 (0.03) | 2.88 (0.09) | Within |
GERD_Government | 61.07 (<0.001) | 1.18 (0.311) | 0 (0.993) | 0.2 (0.658) | Random |
GERD_Higher_education | 26.82 (<0.001) | 2.17 (0.023) | 1.97 (0.16) | 0.03 (0.857) | Random |
GERD_Private_non_profit | 71.72 (<0.001) | 0.56 (0.844) | 0.44 (0.507) | 2.88 (0.09) | Random |
