Table 8 Outputs of the regression model—robustness analysis.

From: Transforming power of research and development on inequality and well-being: a European Union perspective within the circular economy framework

Variables

Earnings→R&D

R&D→HDI

 

Model

Coeff

Estimate coeff (std. error) sig

R-squared

Model

Coeff

Estimate coeff (std. error) sig

R-squared

R_FTE_Business_enterprise

Random

α

52.274 (27.158) 0.054

0.288

Random white

α

0.851 (0.006) < 0.001

0.272

β

264.564 (24.49) < 0.001

β

0.00019 (0) < 0.001

R_FTE_Government

Random white

α

45.388 (5.352) < 0.001

<0.001

Random

α

0.883 (0.009) < 0.001

0.003

β

−1.795 (5.6536) 0.751

β

0.00002 (0.0001) 0.836

R_FTE_Higher_education

Random

α

106.932 (13.147) < 0.001

0.097

Random

α

0.849 (0.009) < 0.001

0.102

β

71.52 (12.637) < 0.001

β

0.00025 (0) < 0.001

R_FTE_Private_non_profit

Random white

α

1.771 (0.973) 0.07

0.013

Random

α

0.885 (0.008) < 0.001

0.668

β

4.93708 (1.7767) 0.006

β

−0.00027 (0.0002) 0.225

GERD_Business_enterprise

Random white

α

12.267 (4.904) 0.013

0.244

Random white

α

0.853 (0.005) < 0.001

0.258

β

39.3286 (3.6798) < 0.001

β

0.00102 (0.0001) < 0.001

GERD_Government

Random white

α

4.272 (0.93) < 0.001

0.033

Random white

α

0.874 (0.007) < 0.001

0.022

β

2.65007 (0.8807) 0.003

β

0.00182 (0.0005) < 0.001

GERD_Higher_education

Random white

α

6.671 (1.662) < 0.001

0.277

Random white

α

0.842 (0.006) < 0.001

0.259

β

11.7909 (1.1611) < 0.001

β

0.00348 (0.0003) < 0.001

GERD_Private_non_profit

Random white

α

0.178 (0.098) 0.07

0.03

Random

α

0.884 (0.008) < 0.001

0.564

β

0.54254 (0.1726) 0.002

β

0.00017 (0.0036) 0.963

Back to article page