Table 2 Description of 33 virtual influencers.

From: Shall brands create their own virtual influencers? A comprehensive study of 33 virtual influencers on Instagram

Types

Virtual influencer

First appearance

Originally from

Instagram followers

Brands created or collaborated with

Branded virtual influencers

Lu of Magalu

2009

Brazil

5,977,657

Magazine Luiza

Good Advice Cupcake

2018

USA

2,583,964

Buzzfeed

Barbie

1959

California

2,259,493

Mattel

Guggimon

2019

Canada

1,350,020

Superplastic

Janky

2019

USA

1,049,753

Superplastic

Minnie Mouse

2019

USA

709,534

Disney

Daisy Yoox

2018

Italy

637,956

YOOX

Pete Zaroll

2014

Minnesota

134,396

Totino

Ion Göttlich

2015

worldwide

70,637

Claudio Pavan

GEICO Gecko

2000

Maryland

30,562

GEICO

Emily

2021

Thailand

11,579

Wirtual

Maya Gram

2020

Southeast Asia

7501

PUMA

Diego Martinez

2021

South America

2143

Claudio Pavan

Mavrello Ballovic

2021

USA

1431

Ballovic Rubber

Non-branded virtual influencers

Nobody Sausage

2020

Portugal

3,545,650

Hugo Boss, Samsung, Grupo Natalia Beauty

Lil Miquela

2016

USA

3,107,414

Calvin Klein, UGG, Samsung, Prada

K/DA

2019

California

552,043

Riot Games Music

Any Malu

2015

Brazil

535,244

Cartoon Network

Noonoouri

2018

Germany

403,983

Dior, Kim Kardashian, Tommy Hilfiger, Balenciaga, Vogue China

Imma

2018

Japan

403,951

IKEA, Porsche, Lenovo, True Telecom

Seraphine Song

2020

Piltover (a fictional country)

388,565

League of Legends

Qai Qai

2018

USA

335,416

Invisible Universe

Bermuda

2016

California

255,843

Cain Intelligence

Shudu Gram

2017

England

239,529

Balmain, Cosmopolitan, Vogue, Smart Car

Rozy Oh

2020

Korea

154,126

Sidus Studio-X

Ronald F. Blawko

2022

USA

135,656

LA-based Brud

Teflon Sega

2018

Quidron

126,813

Radio BBC 1, Joe Budden podcast, Soundcloud

Mar.ia

2020

Mexico

91,311

N.A.

Yameii Online

2018

Georgia

87,021

Deko and Oseanworld

WarNymph

2018

Digital Realm

58,250

Grimes

Plusticboy

2018

Japan

50,873

Tommy Jeans, PUMA

Ai Ailynn

2021

Thailand

31,175

SIA

Ilona

2017

France

8408

N.A.