Table 5 Multiple comparisons using the Tukey-Kramer method to determine if clusters statistically differed from each other in each variable under study (N = 248).

Solidarity dimensions

Normative

4.03(0.34)

3.90(0.34)

4.47(0.31)

59.19***

0.33

1 = 2, 3 > 1, 3 > 2

Associational

3.71(0.41)

3.70(0.47)

4.30(0.43)

55.87***

0.32

1 = 2, 3 > 1, 3 > 2

Consensual

2.94(0.48)

2.61(0.53)

3.60(0.48)

77.93***

0.39

1 > 2, 3 > 1, 3 > 2

Functional

3.78(1.42)

4.42(1.00)

4.10(1.18)

4.30**

0.04

1 = 3, 2 = 3, 2 > 1

Affectual

3.78(0.35)

2.64(0.56)

3.90(0.21)

217.55***

0.64

1 > 2, 3 > 1, 3 > 2

Systematic

2.50(0.47)

3.04(0.71)

3.44(0.42)

84.62***

0.41

2 > 1, 3 > 1, 3 > 2

Psychological ambivalence

3.08(1.08)

4.35(1.17)

2.77(1.24)

29.87***

0.20

1 = 3, 2 > 1, 2 > 3

Social well-being

Social connections

4.44(1.30)

4.65(1.23)

4.59(1.32)

0.52

0

Social cohesion

5.02(0.64)

4.83(0.84)

5.13(0.58)

3.39*

0.03

1 = 2, 1 = 3, 3 > 2

Acculturation parameters

Acculturation orientation

5.13(0.82)

5.04(0.71)

5.50(0.81)

7.87***

0.19

1 = 2, 3 > 1, 3 > 2

Sociocultural adaptation

5.23(0.84)

5.09(0.76)

5.24(0.98)

0.52

0

Partner status

2.16(0.88)

2.22(1.09)

2.54(1.11)

3.81*

0.03

1 = 2, 3 > 1, 2 = 3

Educational level

7.75(0.72)

7.67(0.70)

7.74(0.72)

0.20

0

Activity status

1.20(0.62)

1.65(1.14)

1.28(0.78)

5.18**

0.04

2 > 1, 2 > 3, 1 = 3

Residence context

2.73(0.51)

2.63(0.61)

2.75(0.52)

0.83

0

Host country continent

1.83(1.56)

1.57(1.36)

2.18(1.83)

2.49

0.02

Age

36.11(6.79)

38.50(6.22)

35.11(7.51)

3.70*

0.03

1 = 2, 1 = 3, 2 > 3

Length of residence

8.85(6.54)

8.17(6.20)

6.67(5.27)

3.34*

0.03

1 > 3, 1 = 2, 2 = 3