Table 3 Gender, type of institution, grade, and major differences in target needs and self-efficacy.
Factor | Group | M | SD | F/t | Comparison | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target Needs based on | Necessities | Gender | Male | 3.50 | 0.84 | −4.21*** | Male < Female |
Female | 3.68 | 0.75 | |||||
Type of Institution | Key | 3.72 | 0.77 | 8.77*** | Key > Ordinary | ||
Ordinary | 3.32 | 0.80 | |||||
Lacks | Type of Institution | Key | 3.85 | 0.58 | 3.77*** | Key > Ordinary | |
Ordinary | 3.72 | 0.62 | |||||
Grade | Freshman | 3.74 | 0.59 | −5.29*** | Freshman < Sophomore | ||
Sophomore | 3.91 | 0.60 | |||||
Major | Arts | 3.82 | 0.53 | 11.30*** | Medicine > Arts, Science, Engineering | ||
Science | 3.73 | 0.64 | |||||
Engineering | 3.76 | 0.59 | |||||
Medicine | 4.02 | 0.58 | |||||
Wants | Gender | Male | 3.86 | 0.78 | −4.81*** | Male < Female | |
Female | 4.05 | 0.70 | |||||
Type of Institution | Key | 4.15 | 0.67 | 14.62*** | Key > Ordinary | ||
Ordinary | 3.56 | 0.74 | |||||
Major | Arts | 3.86 | 0.71 | 6.55*** | Medicine > Arts, Science | ||
Science | 3.86 | 0.77 | |||||
Engineering | 3.98 | 0.76 | |||||
Medicine | 4.12 | 0.66 | |||||
Self-efficacy in | Listening | Major | Arts | 2.53 | 0.87 | 4.78** | Arts > Medicine |
Science | 2.37 | 0.84 | |||||
Engineering | 2.41 | 0.86 | |||||
Medicine | 2.22 | 0.78 | |||||
Writing | Type of Institution | Key | 2.52 | 0.77 | −4.04*** | Key < Ordinary | |
Ordinary | 2.71 | 0.81 | |||||
Major | Arts | 2.67 | 0.80 | 6.51*** | Arts, Engineering, Science > Medicine | ||
Science | 2.60 | 0.80 | |||||
Engineering | 2.62 | 0.76 | |||||
Medicine | 2.36 | 0.80 | |||||
Study Skills | Type of Institution | Key | 3.47 | 0.65 | 4.15*** | Key > Ordinary | |
Ordinary | 3.31 | 0.70 | |||||
