Table 5 Path analysis effects and significance levels.

From: An integrated model exploring the relationship between self-efficacy, technology integration via Blackboard, English proficiency, and Saudi EFL students’ academic achievement

Path

Estimate

SE

CR

P

English proficiency ← Blackboard use

0.076

0.025

3.665

0.001

English proficiency ← Self-efficacy

0.943

0.124

13.701

0.001

Achievement ← Blackboard use

0.336

0.032

10.466

0.001

Achievement ← Self-efficacy

0.193

0.269

2.757

0.001

Achievement ← English proficiency

0.821

0.152

4.322

0.001

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