Table 6 Bootstrapping mediation analysis results for the final structural model.

From: An integrated model exploring the relationship between self-efficacy, technology integration via Blackboard, English proficiency, and Saudi EFL students’ academic achievement

Independent variable

Mediating

variable

Dependent variable

Indirect effects

Lower bounds

Upper bounds

p

Self-efficacy

English proficiency

Achievement

0.774

0.530

1.103

0.023

Blackboard use

English proficiency

Achievement

0.062

0.025

0.112

0.016

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