Table 1 Codebook 1.

From: Engaging disadvantaged students in a Chinese as a Foreign Language classroom: Bernstein’s pedagogic discourse as a bridge

Code-name

Definition

Example

C+

Strong insulation between Chinese and other subjects/students’ home knowledge

‘Teaching Chinese calligraphy

C-

Weak insulation between Chinese and other subjects/students’ home knowledge

‘Teaching numbers in Chinese by integrating with maths’

F+

The teacher has more control on classroom communication

‘I (teacher) lead the pronunciation’

F-

The students have more control on classroom communication

‘They (students) were singing and learning together with the video’

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