Table 2 Codebook 2.

From: Engaging disadvantaged students in a Chinese as a Foreign Language classroom: Bernstein’s pedagogic discourse as a bridge

Code-name

Definition

Example

Operative engagement

Involvement in activities and following instructions

‘Everyone did it every day and they’ve gone and played them.’

Affective engagement

Positive feelings about lessons and learning activities

‘It’s fun.’

Cognitive engagement

Thinking and willingness to tackle challenging ideas

and skills

‘They are no longer satisfied with simple characters like one, two, and three. They wanted to challenge more.’

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