Fig. 13: Evolutionary results under opportunistic cost.

a The dynamic evolution strategy of the manufacturer and recycler when μt = 0, 0.5, 1; b The dynamic evolution strategy of the manufacturer and recycler when b = 1, 4, 7; c The dynamic evolution strategy of the manufacturer and recycler when pt = 4, 6, 8. Note: The x-axis represents time, while the y-axis depicts the share of the population opting for “AP” and “P” strategies.