Fig. 9: Evolutionary results of subsidy policy.

a The impact of dynamic subsidy s = 1, 3, 5 on the government’s behavioral strategies; b The impact of dynamic subsidy s = 1, 3, 5 on the manufacturer’s behavioral strategies; c The impact of dynamic subsidy s = 1, 3, 5 on the recycler’s behavioral strategies. Note: The x-axis represents time, while the y-axis depicts the share of the population opting for “PS”, “AP”, and “P” strategies.