Table 3 Indicators for mediation variables’ measurement.

Agricultural income

Last year’s individual agricultural income (in natural logarithms)

9.156

1.597

3.912

13.592

Non-agricultural income

Individual total income (including agricultural income, wages, business income, etc) minus the agricultural income (in natural logarithms)

9.883

1.024

6.908

11.918

Travel consumption expenditure

Last year’s household travel expenditure (in natural logarithms).

8.819

1.990

1.099

11.513

Gifts and gratuities consumption expenditure

Last year’s household total gift and gratuity spending (in natural logarithms)

8.326

1.508

2.996

12.429

Physical health

Have you been hospitalized since July last year? 0 = Yes; 1 = No

0.014

0.121

0

1

Mental health

How often have you felt sad in the past week? 0 = Almost always (5–7 days); 1 = Always (3–4 days); 2 = Seldom (1–2days); 3 = None/mostly none (less than 1days)

2.530

0.710

0

3