Table 1 Source of data and variables.

From: Navigating the nexus: unraveling technological innovation, economic growth, trade openness, ICT, and CO2 emissions through symmetric and asymmetric analysis

Variables

Symbol

Description

Data sources

CO2 emission

CO2

Carbon emission per capita

WDI*

GDP per capita

EG

GDP per capita (constant at 2005)

WDI

Trade openness

TON

Sum of exports and imports

WDI

Mobile use

ICT

Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people

WDI

Technological Innovation

TIN

Total number of patent applications

WDI

  1. *WDI world development indicators.
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