Table 6 Comparative test of the measurement methods of substitution mechanism variables.

From: Digital economy and urban innovation level: A quasi-natural experiment from the strategy of “Digital China”

Variable

(1)

(2)

(3)

 

ins1

ins2

ins3

DID

0.025** (0.013)

0.556** (0.280)

1.380** (0.633)

Control variable

YES

YES

YES

N

3123

3123

3123

R-squared

0.721

0.779

0.387

Urban Effect

YES

YES

YES

Time Effect

YES

YES

YES

  1. ** indicates significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively, with robustness standard errors in parentheses below.
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