Table 1 Definition of the variables.

PA (passenger throughput, people)

1.93 × 10⁷

1.81 × 10⁷

802167

1.00 × 10⁸

GDP (GDP per capita, 10⁴ yuan/person)

9.86

8.25

1.45

62.13

EM (aviation employment, people)

18148

25971.3

142

134402

FTI (international tourism receipts, 10⁶dollar)

2666.37

3814.14

3.00

20521.31

CP (price of crude petroleum, $/barrel)

79.10

23.06

44.04

111.96