Table 10 Heterogeneity analysis of rural and urban.

Explained variable	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)
	Current impact				Long-term impact				Dynamic effect
	Entrepre1		Entrepre2		Entrepre1		Entrepre2		Entrepre1*		Entrepre2*
	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural	Urban
Panel A
Literacy2	0.005* (0.003)	0.006** (0.003)	0.018* (0.010)	0.017*** (0.007)	0.007** (0.003)	0.015*** (0.004)	0.012* (0.008)	0.009* (0.005)	0.003* (0.002)	0.004* (0.002)	0.009** (0.005)	0.005* (0.003)
Controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	11,051	22,751	1197	4257	9583	14,826	808	2443	9583	14,826	513	1712
Pseudo R²	0.196	0.162	0.083	0.080	0.124	0.119	0.088	0.067	0.025	0.013	0.122	0.052
\({{\rm{\chi }}}^{{\rm{rural}}-{\rm{urban}}}\)	−0.001		0.001		−0.008		0.003		−0.001		0.004
P-value	0.066*		0.042**		0.041**		0.038**		0.056**		0.032**
Panel B
Literacy1	0.006* (0.004)	0.007** (0.003)	0.024* (0.013)	0.013* (0.008)	0.007** (0.004)	0.012*** (0.004)	0.011** (0.004)	0.010* (0.006)	0.003* (0.002)	0.005** (0.002)	0.0013*** (0.002)	0.008*** (0.002)
Controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	11,050	22,751	1197	4257	9583	14,826	808	2443	9583	14,826	513	1712
Pseudo R²	0.196	0.162	0.083	0.081	0.124	0.119	0.085	0.069	0.025	0.013	0.122	0.030
\({{\rm{\chi }}}^{{\rm{rural}}-{\rm{urban}}}\)	−0.001		0.009		−0.005		0.001		−0.002		0.007
P-value	0.058*		0.036**		0.051*		0.042^**		0.068*		0.054*

To test the difference between groups, we use the Fisher’s Permutation test. The empirical P-value tests the significance of the difference in the coefficient of Literacy1 or Literacy2 between the groups by self-sampling (bootstrap) 1000 times. ***, **, and * refer to p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.1, respectively.

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