Fig. 4: Mechanical analysis of social friction phenomena.
From: Mechanical modeling of friction phenomena in social systems based on friction force

The figure shows the evolution process of social friction force and social friction phenomena over time. \({F}_{N}\) represents the normal force, \(\mu\) represents the dynamic friction factor, f represents friction force; \({F}_{{ij}}\) represents the force between two interacting elements (i and j) in the social system, α represents the social friction coefficient, ϵ represents the random error term, \({f}_{s}\) represents social friction force, \({f}_{\max }\) represents the maximum static friction force, t represents time; W represents the work done by social friction force \({f}_{s}\), which was defined as a kind of “contribution” to society in this study.