Table 1 Representative literature about the links between technological innovation and income inequality.

From: Bridging the digital divide: the impact of technological innovation on income inequality and human interactions

Reference

Technological innovation

Income inequality

Impact

Period/Country

Method

Law et al (2020)

Number of patents

Gini index

P

1990–2015

23 developed countries

CCEMG

Cetin et al (2021)

Number of patents

Gini index

P

1987–2018

Turkey

ARDL

X Zhang et al (2022)

Number of patents

Gini index

P

2010–2018

Cities in China

2FE

Kanwal and Eyisi (2023)

FEI measure

Gini index

P

2003–2018

31 frontier markets

FE

Adams and Akobeng (2021)

Internet applications, mobile cellular and fixed broadband subscriptions

Gini index

N

1984–2018

46 African countries

GMM

Nguyen et al (2020)

Internet applications, mobile cellular and fixed broadband subscriptions

Gini index

N

2002–2014

87 Countries

GMM

  1. Notes: “P” represents positive and “N” represents negative Source: Authors’ research.