Fig. 1: Visual demonstration of the spatial differences between the center and periphery of the high-speed rail new city.

The blue box reports the main urban area, the red circular box reports the planned area for the high-speed rail new town, and the red polygon reflects the changes in the built-up area. Figures captured by Keyhole satellites. a shows satellite images of Xi'an City, and b, c shows land use images of Xi'an high-speed rail station in 2011 and 2021. d–f shows Quzhou City.