Table 2 Benchmark regression results.

From: Smart city construction empowers tourism: mechanism analysis and spatial spillover effects

 

Tourism revenue

Tourist arrivals

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Smart City

0.375*** (0.086)

0.243** (0.098)

0.282*** (0.054)

0.172*** (0.059)

Human Capital

 

3.085* (1.703)

 

2.831 (1.840)

Per capita GDP

 

0.575*** (0.086)

 

0.418*** (0.071)

Government intervention

 

0.587** (0.297)

 

0.492** (0.219)

Opening up

 

2.601*** (0.780)

 

1.505** (0.630)

Industrial structure

 

0.585*** (0.095)

 

0.179*** (0.033)

Transportation

 

0.185** (0.082)

 

0.244*** (0.072)

Public health events

 

−0.411*** (0.032)

 

−0.344*** (0.032)

Constant

21.129*** (0.081)

15.528*** (0.823)

15.332*** (0.145)

11.048*** (0.719)

City fixed effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year fixed effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

N

4786

4529

4914

4660

R2

0.864

0.888

0.859

0.871

  1. Note: ***, **, and * denote significant at 1, 5 and 10% level, respectively; robust standard errors at the city level are presented in parentheses.