Table 2 Fixed effect model of various food nutrition elements and health expenditure.

From: The evolution of animal-based dietary structure has contributed to the increase of healthcare expenditures in China

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Per capita

Household

State Financial

Personal

Total

Kcal

−279.0*** (47.40)

−373.9*** (51.16)

144.6*** (20.49)

−1057.3*** (93.57)

−214.6*** (23.91)

Protein

1143.9*** (194.2)

1532.9*** (209.6)

−592.6*** (83.96)

4332.0*** (383.4)

879.4*** (97.96)

Fat

2463.2*** (418.7)

3301.7*** (451.9)

−1275.6*** (181.0)

9339.0*** (826.5)

1894.6*** (211.2)

Carbohydrate

1136.9*** (193.1)

1523.5*** (208.4)

−589.0*** (83.46)

4306.0*** (381.1)

873.8*** (97.38)

Dietary fiber

−22.17*** (3.719)

−29.69*** (4.014)

11.45*** (1.608)

−82.44*** (7.342)

−16.69*** (1.876)

Number of health checks

−0.00160* (0.000696)

−0.00108 (0.000751)

0.00537*** (0.000301)

−0.0154*** (0.00137)

−0.00138*** (0.000351)

Number of health institutions

−0.0114 (0.0131)

−0.00799 (0.0141)

0.130*** (0.00565)

0.270*** (0.0258)

0.0376*** (0.00660)

Number of health technicians

0.000620 (0.00116)

0.00346** (0.00125)

−0.00420*** (0.000502)

0.0154*** (0.00229)

0.000513 (0.000586)

Number of health beds

0.00458 (0.00613)

−0.0113 (0.00662)

0.0171*** (0.00265)

−0.123*** (0.0121)

0.0364*** (0.00309)

Death rate

−0.000201*** (0.0000109)

0.00000459 (0.0000118)

−0.0000192*** (0.00000472)

0.0000263 (0.0000215)

0.0000146** (0.00000550)

Educational level

−0.00170 (0.00120)

−0.000988 (0.00129)

0.000709 (0.000517)

−0.00489* (0.00236)

−0.000795 (0.000603)

Per capita GDP

0.000887 (0.000762)

0.00157 (0.000823)

−0.000216 (0.000329)

0.000978 (0.00150)

0.000793* (0.000384)

Urbanization

−0.114 (0.351)

−0.900* (0.379)

0.546*** (0.152)

−0.308 (0.693)

0.225 (0.177)

Aging population

634.8*** (54.01)

660.3*** (58.29)

3.049 (23.35)

−63.93 (106.6)

−8.709 (27.24)

Disposable income

0.0182*** (0.00243)

0.0109*** (0.00262)

0.000734 (0.00105)

0.00295 (0.00479)

−0.00154 (0.00123)

SO2

0.523 (0.336)

0.127 (0.362)

−0.682*** (0.145)

3.401*** (0.663)

0.694*** (0.169)

_cons

−1189.3*** (114.0)

−1257.4*** (123.0)

−37.24 (49.28)

59.98 (225.0)

−138.0* (57.49)

N

930

930

930

930

930

R2

0.954

0.940

0.926

0.454

0.848

adj. R2

0.950

0.935

0.919

0.406

0.835

  1. Standard errors in parentheses.
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.