Fig. 7: Differences in country rankings according to CES function with high and low substitution by SDG index ranking.
From: Experimenting with a strong dual necessity approach to social progress

The quartile average differences between high and low substitution rankings (in absolute terms) are respectively: 1st 2.55; 2nd 4.31; 3rd 6.37; 4th 3.54. Quartiles based on HDI rank.