Table 1 The basic nomenclatures in use: ‘Weak/Strong dual necessity,’ OR/AND logical structure.

From: Experimenting with a strong dual necessity approach to social progress

 

The ‘logical structure’: how the two components of a shared concept complement each other.

The functional representation of the logical structure in this research.

‘Weak dual necessity’

The OR structure (Goertz, 2020): The two components represent the concept and can compensate one for a lack in the other.

A CES function using a high degree of substitution.

'Strong dual necessity’

The AND structure (Goertz, 2020): the two concepts represent a shared basic concept as necessary conditions when one cannot compensate for the other.

A CES function using a very low degree of substitution.