Fig. 2: A circular diagram of the Informed Engineering Design Model labeled ‘Design Cycle,’ featuring six stages: ‘Refine Design,’ ‘Specifications Constraints,’ ‘Develop Knowledge,’ ‘Ideate Solutions,’ ‘Build Prototype,’ and ‘Test and Evaluate Design’. | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Fig. 2: A circular diagram of the Informed Engineering Design Model labeled ‘Design Cycle,’ featuring six stages: ‘Refine Design,’ ‘Specifications Constraints,’ ‘Develop Knowledge,’ ‘Ideate Solutions,’ ‘Build Prototype,’ and ‘Test and Evaluate Design’.

From: Rasch analysis in developing a questionnaire to measure self-efficacy beliefs of Omani preservice science teachers for teaching through engineering design

Fig. 2

Arrows show a clockwise flow, with external factors like ‘Design Challenge,’ ‘Design Solution,’ and others.

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