Table 2 Indicator system of rural multifunctional evaluation.

RMF

APF

Land reclamation rate/% (0.022)

Cultivated land area/area of administrative region

He et al., 2020

(0.324)

Grain yield per hectare/(t/ha) (0.039)

Grain production/cultivated land area

Tan et al., 2019

Agricultural machinery power input/(kW/hm²) (0.047)

Total power of agricultural machinery/cultivated land area

Zhu et al., 2021

Grain supply and demand ratio/% (0.050)

Total grain production/(total population × 0.4)

Liu et al., 2011

Cultivated land area per capita/ha (0.166)

Cultivated land area/rural resident population

Xu and Fang, 2019

EDF

GDP per capita/(yuan/person) (0.052)

GDP/regional population

Long et al., 2022

(0.249)

Fiscal revenue to GDP/(%) (0.030)

Fiscal revenue/regional gross output value

Yang et al., 2019

Industrial structure/(%) (0.014)

(output value of secondary industry + tertiary industry)/regional gross output value

Yang et al., 2019

Per capita agricultural output/(yuan/ha) (0.062)

Output value of primary industry/cultivated land area

Li et al. 2023

Per capita fixed asset investment/(10⁴yuan/person) (0.091)

Fixed Investment/Population

Yang et al., 2019

SSF

Rural electricity consumption/(kW·h·hm⁻²) (0.131)

Rural Electricity Consumption/Rural Population

Tan et al., 2019

(0.259)

Road traffic density/(km/hm²) (0.035)

Road mileage/area of administrative region

Gu et al., 2019

Per capita net income of farmers/(yuan/person) (0.065)

From Annual Statistical Yearbook

Xu and Fang, 2019

level of medical protection/(sheets /10⁴ person) (0.028)

Number of beds in medical and health institutions/total resident population

Xu and Fang, 2019

Climate regulation/(yuan/ha) (0.053)

Equivalent weighted summation of ecosystem value of ecosystem services

Xie et al., 2015

ECF

Purification of the environment/(yuan/ha) (0.031)

under various land use types

(0.168)

Maintaining nutrient cycling/(yuan/ha) (0.031)

Biodiversity/(yuan/ha) (0.028)

Esthetic landscape/(yuan/ha) (0.025)