Table 1 Variable definition.

From: Social status, hukou conversion and upwards class mobility: evidence from Chinese rural‒urban migrants

Variables

Definition

SSS

Individual’s subjective social status, with 1 representing the lowest level and 10 representing the highest level.

SFES

Individual’s subjective family economic status.

1 = well-below average; 2 = below average; 3 = average;

4 = above average; 5 = well-above average.

migrant

1 = migrant; 0 = urban native.

pbm

1 = policy-based migrant; 0 = others.

smm

1 = self-motivated migrant; 0 = others.

age

Age of the respondent.

agesq

Age square.

gender

1 = male; 0 = female.

house

The number of house properties owned by the household.

cpc

1 = membership of Communist Party of China; 0 = others.

marriage

1 = unmarried; 2 = cohabitation; 3 = unmarried.

minzu

1 = ethnic Han; 0 = others.

social

Individual’s frequency of socializing: 1 = never; 2 = seldom; 3 = sometimes; 4 = often; 5 = always.

fairness

Perceived social fairness: 1 = totally unfair; 2 = relative unfair; 3 = neither unfair nor fair; 4 = relative fair; 5 = totally fair.

medu

Mother’s degree of education: 0 = obtaining no school education, old-style private school or literacy class; 1 = primary school; 2 = middle school; 3 = high school, technical school and junior college; 4 = bachelor and above.

fedu

Father’s degree of education: 0 = obtaining no school education, old-style private school or literacy class; 1 = primary school; 2 = middle school; 3 = high school, technical school and junior college; 4 = bachelor and above.

income

The logarithm of “household annual income plus one”.

edu

Individual’s degree of education: 0 = obtaining no school education, old-style private school or literacy class; 1 = primary school; 2 = middle school; 3 = high school, technical school and junior college; 4 = bachelor and above.

ca

Cognitive ability, with a higher value representing better ability to speak and listen Mandarin and Englisha.

health

Self-rated health: 1 = very bad health; 2 = relatively bad health; 3 = neither good nor bad; 4 = relatively good health; 5 = very good health.

mentalhealth

Self-rated frequency of depression and upset over the past four weeks: 1 = always; 2 = often; 3 = sometimes; 4 = seldom; 5 = never.

  1. aSpecifically, we sum the questions from a49 to a52 in the CGSS dataset to get the value of the cognitive ability. The value of each question ranges from 1 to 5, with higher value representing better ability to listen to Mandarin, speak to Mandarin, listen to English and speak English, respectively.