Fig. 7: Distribution of R&D investment in China’s 11 coastal provinces in 2009 and 2020.

This figure illustrates the distribution of Research and Development (R&D) investment across China’s 11 coastal provinces in 2009 and 2020, emphasizing regional disparities and temporal trends. Among them, (a) represents the situation in 2009, while (b) represents the situation in 2020.