Table 1 Summary of the total, direct and indirect effects.

From: Exploring the impact of self-regulation on vocabulary learning strategies and knowledge in CSL: A structural equation modeling approach

Items

Direct effects

Indirect effects

Total effects

DS on VK_Breadth/VK_Depth

0.00/0.043

0.043/−0.004

0.043/038

MES on VK_Breadth/VK_Depth

−0.344/0.00

0.057/−0.145

−0.286/−0.145

MS on VK_Breadth/VK_Depth

0.305/−0.504

−0.048/0.142

0.256/−0.362

  1. MS memory strategies, DS deterministic strategies, MES metacognitive strategies, VK_Breadth breadth of vocabulary knowledge, VK_Depth depth of vocabulary knowledge.
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