Table 7 Robustness analysis of two-income groups G20 countries.

From: Bayesian neural network modelling for estimating ecological footprints and blue economy sustainability across G20 nations

 

High-income group

Middle-income group

 

OLS

FE

GMM

OLS

FE

GMM

EF

1.4351**

(0.6220)

0.8992

(0.6421)

2.5934***

(1.0037)

–3.9840***

(0.6690)

–4.2065*

(2.1388)

–0.2887***

(0.0639)

GHG

0.8805

(0.5860)

1.4825

(0.8733)

2.1629*

(1.1452)

3.2629***

(0.4995)

3.68633**

(1.2697)

3.9867*

(2.0559)

POT

7.8630***

(0.7512)

9.2419***

(1.7719)

5.0041***

(0.4294)

–2.5422***

(0.82482)

–0.5932

(4.3835)

–1.7675***

(0.6610)

GDP

–0.1065

(0.4121)

–0.6480

(0.8045)

2.1265*

(1.1650)

1.3774***

(0.2957)

1.0026

(1.4761)

0.6188***

(0.1126)

Constant

–147.2618***

(8.0054)

–168.0245***

(23.8473)

–39.3363***

(8.9313)

–43.4543***

(10.2640)

–78.6433*

(38.9071)

–56.9048**

(24.8328)

F-Stat

526.17***

25.41***

1000.83***

137.97***

24.79***

23.26***

No. of obs.

220

220

220

198

198

198

AR(2) (p-value)

  

−1.59

(0.151)

  

−0.77

(0.440)

Hansen-J (p-value)

  

5.88

(0.825)

  

5.49

(0.705)

  1. ***, **, * represents a significance threshold of 1%, 5% and 10%.
Back to article page