Table 4 Standardized estimates and mediating effect of Models 1 and 2.

From: Factors influencing student interest in STEM careers: motivational, cognitive, and socioeconomic status

Exogenous variables

Endogenous variables

STEM

Science

Mathematics

Technology

Engineering

Direct

Indirect

Total

Direct

Indirect

Total

Direct

Indirect

Total

Direct

Indirect

Total

Direct

Indirect

Total

Model 1

MK → AA

0.11*

−0.00

0.13

−0.02

−0.01*

−0.03

0.77*

−0.01*

0.77*

−0.18*

0.01*

−0.17*

−0.17*

0.00

−0.17

MK → SE

0.17*

0.29*

0.04*

0.02

0.05*

0.82

0.18*

0.00*

0.22*

0.05*

SK → AA

0.05*

−0.00

0.05

0.83*

−0.02*

0.81*

−0.04

−0.01*

−0.05

−0.25*

0.03*

−0.22*

−0.29*

0.00

−0.29

SK → SE

0.18*

0.23*

0.04*

0.87

0.05*

0.02

0.18*

−0.06*

0.22*

−0.08*

AA

−0.00

–

−0.00

−0.07*

–

−0.07*

−0.04*

–

−0.04*

0.09*

–

0.09*

0.01

–

0.01

SE → OE

0.43*

0.35*

0.78*

0.10*

0.10*

0.19*

0.13*

0.11*

0.24*

0.44*

0.41*

0.86*

0.53*

0.39*

0.92*

OE

0.50*

–

0.50*

0.14*

–

0.14*

0.16*

–

0.16*

0.59*

–

0.59*

0.56*

–

0.56*

FI

0.02

–

0.02

0.03

–

0.03

−0.00

–

−0.00

0.00

–

0.00

0.02

–

0.02

FE → FI

−0.00

0.00

−0.00

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.01

−0.00

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.01

−0.02

0.01

−0.02

ME → FI

0.01

0.01

0.15

−0.01

0.01

0.01

−0.02

−0.00

−0.02

0.10

0.00

0.10

−0.02

0.01

−0.01

Model 2

MK → AA

0.47*

0.01

0.48

0.07*

−0.01*

0.04*

0.87*

−0.00

0.87

0.23*

0.02*

0.25*

0.27*

0.01

0.28

SK → AA

0.40

0.01

0.41

0.91*

−0.02*

0.89*

0.07*

−0.01

0.07

0.15*

0.05*

0.20*

0.13*

0.02

0.15

AA

0.04

–

0.04

−0.06*

–

−0.06*

−0.02

–

−0.02

0.14*

–

0.14*

0.06

–

0.06

FE

−0.01

–

−0.01

0.02

–

0.02

0.00

–

0.00

−0.01

–

−0.01

−0.04

–

−0.04

ME

0.09

–

0.09

0.02

–

0.02

−0.00

–

−0.00

0.19*

–

0.19*

0.08

–

0.08

  1. “–” shows there is no path between these variables.
  2. STEM STEM career interest, S science career interest, M mathematics career interest, T technology career interest, E engineering career interest, SK science knowledge, MK mathematics knowledge, ME mothers’ education, FE fathers’ education, FI family income, AA academic achievement, SE self-efficacy, OE outcome expectation.
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