Table 3 Decomposition effects.
Variables | GIE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Short term | Long term | |||
Direct | Indirect | Direct | Indirect | |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
DI | 0.367*** | −2.881** | 0.344*** | −6.454* |
(4.48) | (−2.52) | (3.94) | (−1.84) | |
Control Variables | YES | YES | YES | YES |
ρ | 0.565*** | |||
(5.76) | ||||
City fixed effects | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Year fixed effects | YES | YES | YES | YES |
N | 2248 | 2248 | 2248 | 2248 |
R2 | 0.157 | 0.157 | 0.157 | 0.157 |