Table 1 Scale characteristics.

From: Satisfying higher education students’ psychological needs through case-based instruction for fostering creativity and entrepreneurship

Competency

Variable

Pre-test Cronbach’s α

Mid-test Cronbach’s α

Post-test Cronbach’s α

Creativity

Self/everyday

0.90

0.85

0.95

Scholarly

0.84

0.91

0.93

Performance

0.87

0.91

0.91

Mechanical/scientific

0.91

0.95

0.95

Artistic

0.83

0.87

0.93

Entrepreneurship

Orientation towards learning

0.89

0.93

0.95

Socially and environmentally conscious conduct

0.91

0.96

0.97

Market insight

0.86

0.90

0.93

Seeing opportunities

0.93

0.95

0.97

Building networks

0.85

0.95

0.96

Ability to persuade

0.92

0.96

0.97

Planning for the future

0.84

0.92

0.93

Independence

0.84

0.85

0.94

Decisiveness

0.88

0.90

0.96

Awareness of potential returns

0.87

0.95

0.96

Self-knowledge

0.86

0.90

0.93

Perseverance

0.88

0.90

0.95

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