Fig. 5: Robustness analysis under different simulation parameters and decision processes against the main results.

a Lower number of adjacent knowledge nodes (number of nodes = 50, node degrees = 3, edge rewiring probabilities = 0.1). b Higher number of adjacent knowledge nodes (number of nodes = 50, node degrees = 7, edge rewiring probabilities = 0.1). c Lower total number of knowledge nodes (number of nodes = 30, node degrees = 5, edge rewiring probabilities = 0.1). d Higher rewiring probability, leaning towards a random network (number of nodes = 50, node degrees = 5, edge rewiring probabilities = 0.2). e Lower rewiring probability, leaning towards a regular network (number of nodes = 50, node degrees = 5, edge rewiring probabilities = 0.01). f Introducing randomness into the decision process (randomly selecting one of the top 50 most profitable actions). The horizontal axis represents the simulation duration, while the vertical axis represents the proportion of agents adopting each evolution mode within the simulation step, out of the total number of agents. The solid line represents the mean value across five simulations, and the shaded region represents one standard deviation above and below the mean.