Table 1 Conceptions of autonomy in BPP.
From: Individual autonomy and public deliberation in behavioral public policy
Autonomy I Freedom of Choice | Autonomy II Agency | Autonomy III Self-Constitution | |
|---|---|---|---|
Main Target | Behavioral Outcomes | Instrumental Reasoning (IR) | Substantive Reasoning (SR) |
Task of BPP | Steer people’s behavior in a certain predefined welfarist direction | Increase competence, i.e., capacity to choose means \(m_{i}\) from \(\{m_{1}\ldots m_{n}\}\) for given goal \(x\) | Increase agentic capability, i.e., ability to choose goal \(x_{i}\) from \(\{x_{1}\ldots x_{n}\}\) that is self-endorsed and authentic |
Threats | Coercion | Subtle manipulation | Indoctrination and mental conditioning |
Policy | Nudges | Boosts, debiasing | Nudge + , public deliberation, experiments in living |
Level | i-frame intervention | i-frame intervention | i- and s-frame interventions |
