Table 5 Kao cointegration test.

From: Does natural resource rent and financial inclusion curb carbon emissions? Empirical evidence from E7 and G7 economies

Test statistic

Value

Emerging economies

 Modified Dickey-Fuller t

−1.82**

 Dickey-Fuller t

−3.91***

 Augmented Dickey-Fuller t

−2.81***

 Unadjusted modified Dickey-Fuller t

−2.54***

 Unadjusted Dickey-Fuller t

−4.18***

Developed economies

 Modified Dickey-Fuller t

1.48*

 Dickey-Fuller t

1.22*

 Augmented Dickey-Fuller t

2.42***

 Unadjusted modified Dickey-Fuller t

−0.34

 Unadjusted Dickey-Fuller t

−0.63

All economies

 Modified Dickey-Fuller t

0.37

 Dickey-Fuller t

−0.95*

 Augmented Dickey-Fuller t

0.96*

 Unadjusted modified Dickey-Fuller t

−0.68

 Unadjusted Dickey-Fuller t

−1.70**

  1. ***,**,* denote significance at 1%, 5%, and 10% respectively.
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