Fig. 2: Economic sectors SCI vs CO2 emissions. | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Fig. 2: Economic sectors SCI vs CO2 emissions.

From: Sectoral economic complexity and environmental degradation: a sectoral perspective on the EKC hypothesis

Fig. 2

Scatter plots of SCI values with respect to CO2 emissions for all 127 countries between 1995 and 2020, disaggregated by sector. Data points are coloured based on the income level of the respective country at the given year. The relationship between SCI and emissions varies by sector. Panels a (Agriculture), c (Fishing), and k (Textiles & Wearing Apparel) show a weak correlation between emissions and SCI. Panels b (Electronics & Instruments), e (Iron & Steel), f (Machinery), g (Metal Products), and j (Petroleum, Chemicals & Non-Metals) show a strong correlation between income and SCI. Panels d (Food & Beverages), h (Mining & Quarrying), and l (Wood & Paper) also show a strong correlation, though weaker than in Panels b, e, f, g, and j. Panel i (Other Manufacturing) shows weak correlation with a wide spread of values. The EKC hypothesis cannot be identified from this figure as CO2 emissions are total emissions by country and do not represent the relationship derived from partial regression coefficients.

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