Table 2 Descriptive statistics of variables for All income grouping.

CO₂ emissions (metric tons per capita)_log

3302

0.865

1.443

−3.106

1.208

3.864

−0.227

−0.648

Agriculture SCI

3302

0.169

0.14

0.0

0.134

1.0

3.585

1.582

Electronics and instruments SCI

3302

0.129

0.179

0.0

0.047

1.0

3.89

1.98

Fishing SCI

3302

0.129

0.147

0.0

0.075

1.0

3.406

1.72

Food and beverages SCI

3302

0.199

0.173

0.0

0.157

1.0

1.709

1.302

Iron and steel SCI

3302

0.144

0.165

0.0

0.077

1.0

1.613

1.5

Machinery SCI

3302

0.106

0.147

0.0

0.04

1.0

5.144

2.185

Metal products SCI

3302

0.125

0.135

0.0

0.075

1.0

2.929

1.67

Mining and quarrying SCI

3302

0.241

0.194

0.0

0.193

1.0

0.386

0.973

Other manufacturing SCI

3302

0.097

0.119

0.0

0.051

1.0

8.22

2.335

Petroleum, chemicals and non-metals SCI

3302

0.133

0.158

0.0

0.076

1.0

4.975

2.127

Textiles and wearing apparel SCI

3302

0.135

0.137

0.0

0.093

1.0

3.811

1.757

Wood and paper SCI

3302

0.171

0.172

0.0

0.11

1.0

1.598

1.388

Economic globalisation

3302

0.575

0.162

0.179

0.564

0.949

−0.767

0.061

Energy consumption per capita

3302

0.228

0.262

0.011

0.131

2.143

10.199

2.708

Environmental patents per capita

3302

0.057

0.143

0.0

0.002

1.278

16.367

3.708

Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)

3302

0.309

0.288

0.0

0.215

0.967

−0.704

0.771

Total natural resources rents (% of GDP)

3302

0.069

0.109

0.0

0.022

0.661

6.184

2.45

Urban population (% of total population)

3302

0.601

0.216

0.098

0.616

1.0

−0.728

−0.267