Table 6 High income and upper middle income regression coefficients results.

From: Sectoral economic complexity and environmental degradation: a sectoral perspective on the EKC hypothesis

  

High income

 

Quantile

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Dependent var

Independent vars

         

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)log

Agriculture SCI

−0.019

0.177

0.078

0.245

0.225

0.176

0.147

0.168

0.173

 

Agriculture SCI2

0.13

−0.156

−0.036

−0.256

−0.252

−0.224

−0.219

−0.309*

−0.334*

 

Electronics & Instruments SCI

−0.397

−0.402*

−0.378*

−0.106

0.086

0.228

0.413**

0.545***

0.648***

 

Electronics & Instruments SCI2

0.674**

0.472*

0.411*

0.185

0.025

−0.141

−0.266

−0.36*

−0.386**

 

Fishing SCI

−0.849***

−0.725***

−0.382**

−0.334**

−0.397***

−0.538***

−0.443***

−0.208*

0.074

 

Fishing SCI2

1.495***

1.11***

0.736***

0.689***

0.724***

0.985***

0.907***

0.501***

−0.042

 

Food & Beverages SCI

−1.77***

−0.897***

−0.535**

−0.412*

−0.104

0.066

0.242

0.315

0.524**

 

Food & Beverages SCI2

1.366***

0.583**

0.315

0.252

0.014

−0.114

−0.332

−0.326

−0.532**

 

Iron & Steel SCI

−1.242***

−1.155***

−0.921***

−0.557**

−0.66***

−0.738***

−0.533**

−0.515**

−0.534***

 

Iron & Steel SCI2

0.782***

0.742**

0.559*

0.239

0.413

0.493*

0.327

0.366

0.365*

 

Machinery SCI

1.086***

0.545

0.2

0.033

0.135

0.349

0.369

0.312

0.189

 

Machinery SCI2

−0.349

−0.106

0.114

0.171

−0.002

−0.254

−0.328

−0.306

−0.179

 

Metal Products SCI

0.57**

0.662**

0.402

0.241

0.43

0.455*

0.378

0.294

0.088

 

Metal Products SCI2

−0.817***

−0.67*

−0.373

−0.214

−0.283

−0.313

−0.304

−0.217

−0.14

 

Mining & Quarrying SCI

2.585***

2.252***

2.074***

1.876***

1.9***

1.89***

1.777***

1.569***

1.349***

 

Mining & Quarrying SCI2

−1.839***

−1.609***

−1.544***

−1.38***

−1.407***

−1.443***

−1.361***

−1.231***

−1.115***

 

Other Manufacturing SCI

0.02

0.038

−0.222

−0.3

−0.37

−0.262

−0.716*

−0.705*

−0.362

 

Other Manufacturing SCI2

−1.389

−0.966

−0.445

−0.031

−0.055

−0.066

0.825

1.022*

0.314

 

Petroleum, Chemicals & Non-Metals SCI

−2.024***

−1.573***

−1.024***

−0.929***

−1.24***

−1.316***

−1.166***

−1.068***

−1.229***

 

Petroleum, Chemicals & Non-Metals SCI2

1.518***

0.999***

0.611**

0.491*

0.737***

0.859***

0.753***

0.634***

0.772***

 

Textiles & Wearing Apparel SCI

−0.576

−0.945***

−1.081***

−1.192***

−0.847***

−0.612**

−0.501**

−0.611***

−0.166

 

Textiles & Wearing Apparel SCI2

0.883

1.127*

1.284***

1.27***

0.703*

0.391

0.188

0.313

−0.117

 

Wood & Paper SCI

1.414***

1.68***

1.195***

0.993***

0.664***

0.141

−0.012

−0.127

0.073

 

Wood & Paper SCI2

−0.84***

−1.126***

−0.771***

−0.633***

−0.294

0.17

0.223

0.228

−0.028

 

Economic Globalisation

0.076

−0.154

−0.231**

−0.306***

−0.359***

−0.321***

−0.285***

−0.218**

−0.163*

 

Energy Consumption per Capita

0.814***

0.894***

1.039***

1.075***

1.112***

1.248***

1.271***

1.357***

1.349***

 

Environmental Patents per Capita

−0.019

0.238***

0.404***

0.349***

0.352***

0.305***

0.232***

0.163***

0.176***

 

Intercept

1.273***

1.337***

1.768***

1.951***

2.0***

2.009***

2.023***

1.997***

1.876***

 

Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)

−2.306***

−2.351***

−2.297***

−2.305***

−2.239***

−2.054***

−1.921***

−1.706***

−1.443***

 

Total natural resources rents (% of GDP)

0.705***

0.736***

0.513***

0.407***

0.514***

0.479***

0.506***

0.376***

0.444***

 

Urban population (% of total population)

0.608***

0.633***

0.157*

0.038

−0.004

−0.067

−0.11

−0.11

−0.018

  

Upper middle income

 

Quantile

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Dependent Var

Independent Vars

         

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)log

Agriculture SCI

0.837**

0.556*

0.185

−0.631*

−0.842**

−0.802**

−0.965***

−1.031***

−1.09***

 

Agriculture SCI2

−1.656**

−1.065*

−0.585

0.784

1.068*

1.06*

1.374**

1.693**

1.866***

 

Electronics & Instruments SCI

0.132

−0.008

−0.094

−0.206

−0.29

−0.534*

−0.536*

−0.781***

−1.546***

 

Electronics & Instruments SCI2

0.005

0.041

0.045

0.384

0.485

0.66*

0.582*

0.806**

1.798***

 

Fishing SCI

0.519

0.143

−0.054

−0.344

−0.844**

−0.576*

−0.351

−0.469

−0.46

 

Fishing SCI2

−0.564

−0.162

0.113

0.718

2.449***

1.628*

1.154

1.303

0.736

 

Food & Beverages SCI

−1.696***

−0.679*

−0.569*

−0.226

0.128

0.116

0.12

−0.001

−0.141

 

Food & Beverages SCI2

2.309***

1.207*

1.206**

1.05*

0.58

0.444

0.189

0.197

0.184

 

Iron & Steel SCI

1.454***

1.49***

1.587***

1.223***

1.202***

1.053***

1.445***

1.465***

1.508***

 

Iron & Steel SCI2

−2.008***

−1.838***

−2.007***

−1.796***

−1.606**

−1.341*

−1.799***

−1.927**

−1.953*

 

Machinery SCI

1.768***

1.527***

1.697***

1.856***

2.137***

2.071***

1.927***

1.939***

2.146***

 

Machinery SCI2

−1.525

−1.798*

−2.322**

−2.133*

−3.145***

−3.371***

−3.548***

−3.89***

−4.491***

 

Metal Products SCI

1.286

1.019*

1.342**

1.754***

1.787***

1.363***

1.036**

0.474

0.954**

 

Metal Products SCI2

−0.602

−0.343

−0.742

−2.079*

−2.377*

−1.55

−1.156

−0.125

−1.369

 

Mining & Quarrying SCI

−0.338

−0.002

−0.22

−0.25

−0.127

0.129

0.234

0.502**

0.63***

 

Mining & Quarrying SCI2

0.664*

0.254

0.478*

0.706***

0.603**

0.299

0.148

−0.175

−0.338

 

Other Manufacturing SCI

−0.274

0.025

−0.034

−0.332

−0.283

0.275

0.228

0.517

0.924**

 

Other Manufacturing SCI2

0.608

0.491

0.512

0.729

0.632

0.019

0.124

−0.29

−0.942

 

Petroleum, Chemicals & Non-Metals SCI

−0.696

−0.237

−0.165

−1.379**

−2.094***

−2.093***

−1.981***

−1.904***

−2.025***

 

Petroleum, Chemicals & Non-Metals SCI2

0.031

−0.414

−0.212

1.698

3.144**

3.268**

3.057**

3.472***

4.508***

 

Textiles & Wearing Apparel SCI

−0.274

0.093

−0.018

0.232

0.079

−0.296

−0.506*

−0.534*

−0.76***

 

Textiles & Wearing Apparel SCI2

−0.06

−0.667*

−0.421

−0.554

−0.346

0.078

0.387

0.386

0.678*

 

Wood & Paper SCI

1.422***

0.554*

0.066

−0.081

−0.164

0.146

−0.164

−0.039

0.147

 

Wood & Paper SCI2

−1.724**

−0.468

0.175

0.114

0.046

−0.319

0.642

0.641

0.328

 

Economic Globalisation

0.226*

−0.049

0.036

0.036

0.151

0.145

0.218**

0.291***

0.36***

 

Energy Consumption per Capita

1.702***

1.957***

2.111***

2.61***

3.023***

3.115***

3.318***

3.418***

3.653***

 

Environmental Patents per Capita

1.749

1.953

1.238

0.784

0.256

0.36

−0.245

−0.152

−0.302

 

Intercept

0.377***

0.586***

0.558***

0.638***

0.471***

0.568***

0.602***

0.642***

0.552***

 

Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)

−1.842***

−1.695***

−1.474***

−1.35***

−1.11***

−1.064***

−1.029***

−0.892***

−0.403***

 

Total natural resources rents (% of GDP)

1.004***

1.364***

1.442***

1.104***

1.07***

1.194***

1.107***

1.194***

1.359***

 

Urban population (% of total population)

0.25*

0.037

0.108

0.192*

0.338***

0.217**

0.167*

0.083

0.099

  1. Note: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.