Table 4 Tukey Post-Hoc test-academic achievement.

From: Improving students’ programming performance: an integrated mind mapping and generative AI chatbot learning approach

  

Mean difference

t-value

df

p-value

Experimental Group 1

Experimental Group 2

5.11*

2.98

108

0.013

Control Group

9.31***

5.34

108

<0.001

Experimental Group 2

Experimental Group 1

−5.11*

2.98

108

0.013

Control Group

4.20*

2.41

108

0.046

Control Group

Experimental Group 1

−9.31***

5.34

108

<0.001

Experimental Group 2

−4.20*

2.41

108

0.046

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