Table 3 Measurement Indicators for the Independent Variables.
From: Measurement of tourism eco-efficiency, spatial distribution, and influencing factors in China
TOE | Variable | Representation method | Data resources |
|---|---|---|---|
T (Technology) | Regional Innovation (RI) | “knowledge creation index” | China Regional Innovation Capability Evaluation Report |
Digitalization Level (DL) | Weighted quantity of per capita postal service expenses, per capita telecommunication service expenses, mobile phone penetration rate, internet penetration rate, per capita express delivery volume, domain names per ten thousand people, and long-distance optical cable density | EPS | |
O (Organization) | Government Support (GS) | The weighted sum of the number of occurrences of “tourism” in general fiscal expenditures and government work reports, along with the number of provincial-level tourism policies issued. | PKU Law and government reports |
Human Resources (HR) | Labor force engaged in the tertiary industry | EPS | |
E (Environment) | Transport Convenience (TC) | Weighted quantity of railway operating mileage density (km/10,000 square kilometers) and national highway mileage density (km/10,000 square kilometers) | EPS |
Economic Development (ED) | Per capita GDP | EPS |
