Fig. 5: Distribution of near-equivalent terms.

a We present near-equivalent terms (see details in Xie et al. 2023), namely 'near-equivalent' 1-to-1 translations of the generic terms in Chinese and Portuguese. As a control group, b The distribution of dissimilar terms representing instances in which the Portuguese and the Chinese terms are not near-equivalent translations. Extracted from Xie et al. (2023, p. 37) Fig. 1. See also the 'List of Macau Streets' file in the supplementary file section for the full list of urban toponyms used in this analysis.