Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the study variables.
From: The rationality of the punishment ladder: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China
Variable | Variable name | Description | Mean | S. D. | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent Variables | Fixed-term imprisonment | Continuous variable (unit: month) | 22.03 | 17.28 | 0.00 | 72.00 |
Fine amount | Continuous variable (unit: 10,000 yuan) | 23.10 | 244.93 | 0.00 | 8108.01 | |
Independent Variables | Whether the number of pieces of information is higher than 50,000 | Yes = 1, No = 0 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
Number of pieces of information | Continuous variable (unit: 10,000 pieces) | 30.14 | 106.31 | 0.00 | 1000.00 | |
Control Variables | Logarithm of the profit amount | Continuous variable | 9.38 | 2.31 | 0.00 | 16.12 |
Tribunal size | Total number of judges | 2.71 | 0.71 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |
Principal criminal | Yes = 1, No = 0 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
Accessary criminal | Yes = 1, No = 0 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
First offender | Yes = 1, No = 0 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
Surrender | Yes = 1, No = 0 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
Admittance of guilt and acceptance of punishment | Yes = 1, No = 0 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
Presence of a defender | Yes = 1, No = 0 | 0.79 | 0.41 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
Gender | Male = 1, Female = 0 | 0.77 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
Educational attainment | Continuous variable (unit: year) | 8.37 | 5.86 | 0.00 | 20.00 | |
Unemployed status | Yes = 1, No = 0 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
Logarithm of per-capita GDP | Continuous variable | 11.35 | 0.38 | 10.55 | 11.96 | |
Logarithm of R&D expenditure | Continuous variable | 15.98 | 0.98 | 13.01 | 17.12 |
