Table 3 Number of pieces of information and term of imprisonment/amount of fine: Polynomials.
From: The rationality of the punishment ladder: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China
Variable | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term of imprisonment | Amount of fine | |||||
Linear | Quadratic | Cubic | Linear | Quadratic | Cubic | |
Whether the number of pieces of information is more than 50,000 | 8.425** | 8.374** | 8.390** | −11.990 | −10.820 | −10.080 |
(3.859) | (3.755) | (3.615) | (68.160) | (66.330) | (63.850) | |
Number of pieces of information | 0.825 | 0.0875 | 0.0115 | 1.212 | 0.0241 | −0.00508 |
(2.818) | (0.274) | (0.035) | (49.780) | (4.848) | (0.614) | |
Logarithm of the amount of profit | 0.704** | 0.704** | 0.703** | 4.666 | 4.659 | 4.656 |
(0.297) | (0.297) | (0.297) | (5.248) | (5.246) | (5.244) | |
Tribunal size | 3.260** | 3.257** | 3.256** | 8.038 | 8.064 | 8.083 |
(1.570) | (1.570) | (1.570) | (27.730) | (27.730) | (27.730) | |
Principal criminal | 0.484 | 0.483 | 0.486 | −48.620 | −48.550 | −48.500 |
(3.492) | (3.491) | (3.490) | (61.680) | (61.660) | (61.650) | |
Accessary criminal | −12.190*** | −12.190*** | −12.180*** | −27.900 | −27.620 | −27.450 |
(3.434) | (3.422) | (3.410) | (60.660) | (60.440) | (60.230) | |
First offender | −2.847 | −2.840 | −2.835 | 65.670* | 65.640* | 65.620* |
(2.205) | (2.205) | (2.206) | (38.940) | (38.950) | (38.960) | |
Surrender | −2.406 | −2.380 | −2.364 | −5.527 | −5.688 | −5.814 |
(2.619) | (2.627) | (2.633) | (46.250) | (46.400) | (46.510) | |
Admittance of guilt and acceptance of punishment | −0.619 | −0.608 | −0.600 | 19.530 | 19.480 | 19.440 |
(1.948) | (1.949) | (1.951) | (34.400) | (34.430) | (34.450) | |
Presence of a defender | 4.545* | 4.541* | 4.542* | 5.429 | 5.520 | 5.578 |
(2.557) | (2.556) | (2.554) | (45.160) | (45.140) | (45.120) | |
Gender | 2.604 | 2.601 | 2.590 | 32.060 | 31.900 | 31.820 |
(2.391) | (2.383) | (2.375) | (42.230) | (42.090) | (41.960) | |
Educational attainment | 0.0185 | 0.0192 | 0.0198 | −7.777** | −7.780** | −7.782** |
(0.179) | (0.179) | (0.179) | (3.154) | (3.156) | (3.157) | |
Unemployed status | −1.338 | −1.327 | −1.317 | −14.740 | −14.740 | −14.760 |
(2.014) | (2.014) | (2.015) | (35.570) | (35.580) | (35.590) | |
Logarithm of per-capita GDP | 8.186 | 8.231 | 8.241 | 462.8** | 462.2** | 461.8** |
(11.150) | (11.150) | (11.140) | (196.900) | (196.900) | (196.800) | |
Logarithm of R&D expenditure | −2.319 | −2.339 | −2.355 | −34.010 | −33.930 | −33.860 |
(2.501) | (2.506) | (2.510) | (44.180) | (44.260) | (44.340) | |
Constant term | −53.730 | −51.990 | −51.160 | −4501.7** | −4491.7** | −4487.6** |
(108.200) | (106.500) | (106.000) | (1911.600) | (1881.900) | (1872.400) | |
Province fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Observations | 472 | 472 | 472 | 472 | 472 | 472 |
R2 | 0.462 | 0.462 | 0.462 | 0.171 | 0.171 | 0.171 |
